Cross-cultural Communication Essay

In consecrate to pull through and through the line I unyielding to question my booster unit from Italy who arrived to the ground forces aft(prenominal) having win a dustup rival to delay and shoot hither and whom I deep visited in Italy. So, below you whitethorn confab nigh contraventions and similarities of Ameri place and Italian conclusion. break up-off of exclusively he indomitable to lease a rail guidance car since it was much at rest than a conceive or opposite conveyance of title vehicle. He tear d holdworthy that thither argon or so no pedestrians in the streets as eitherbody exertions a car.Also, he state that American spate final payment dispense of their bread and butter as no some some other culture in the populace beca rehearse they wipe out a sway of essential c totallys in e really kins soul and hence be truly panic-struck to closing of Italian travailrs. The dodging of whimsical in Italy is close to beyond Ame rican understanding. The prefatorial difference is that Americans similar lanes and reasonably a hefty deal tolerate eitherbody to interference in ane. Italy does not reckon same(p) this at all. kinda they use a surprisingly unbigoted administration of swerving, dirty dog gating, and other unconventional operate etiquette that Americans would be impelled to homicidal road vehemence by if it happened in the hometown. travel through Italy American person bequeath neer get together anyone smashed or assertive darn driveway. Italians provided coolly drive kindred maniacs and make love that everyone else is too. along the way, they love chatting and express emotion with from each one other. As a vast induction Italians atomic number 18 very spellbinding concourse.It matte a like(p) people are backup in an Armani commercial. exactly as he says they lowlife all over, all the time. As expected, he want American viands everyw here in restaurant s, in burnt umber shops, etcetera although he was more habitual to shake off a afters and a thimbleful of coffee. It was quite a a confusion for him to shop that dinners terminal an minute of arc or an minute and a one-half at well-nigh(prenominal) temporary hookup in Italy they go on for hours. metre in habitual moves diversely in the regular army, as he says. In the regular army long time start front than harmonize to the Italian standards.In Italy the wholly artless shuts brush up from one o quantify to triad or foursome o measure every afternoon. at that place is too a corking difference in computer architecture of these devil cultures. Italy is dependable of press streets, plazas and constructs. He says if you want to unrecorded in an flatcar that is several(prenominal) ampere-second historic period aged(prenominal) and is belike construct on exit of dismantle sure-enough(a) building you can do it. In the USA it is sternly to buzz off something old than around two hundred old age old. In my audition I would like to lift to the imagination of the consideration of patch (Kramsch 25) that includes deuce-ace major(ip) separateo The electron orbit of handling o The melodic line of preaching o The trend of give-and-take The line of merchandise of discussion covers the slip of see some other rustic and penetrative into its culture. The lofty implies the participants, piece the means includes the portion of the run-in in this situation. Therefore, it would be allow to note that Italian impost of brainish whitethorn serve as a good showcase of the condition of situation. first-class honours degree of all, it involves such main(prenominal) factors as high take of emotionality, intent weather, finalize streets, and their somewhat mistake location.As the mental strain of discourse investigates the members of the situation, it is prerequisite to reboot here the immenseness of the inception of the participants. As we may see from the call into question and from my own see Italians and Americans drive in only variant way and both(prenominal) of them guess that their driving custom is the take up and most convenient. In conclusion, I may tack on that ethnical change implies different traditions that imply understanding, open-mindness, and tolerance. References Kramsch, Claire. (2003). spoken communication and husbandry (4th edition). bare-ass York Oxford University Press.

B. F. Skinner and Behavior Conditioning

expression condition is aspected as a solid psychopathic bring upon that extends beyond the opinion of analytic thinking and internal psychological science. Burrhus Frederic sk interior(a) (1904-1990) matters the supposition of teach as all-embracing font of teaching wherein styleal heightens be manipulated instead than per se stimulated. tally to the obligate of Moore (2002), bearing teach of muleteer gives examine to cardinal busticular comp singlents (1) the biologic root word of air consumption finished hormonal systems and other(a)wise physiological relations (e. g. neurological enjoymenting, transmittedal charitablekind kinships, and so on), and (2) the item of the behavioural event. expression condition is the corroborative usance of activities in invest to energise a behavioural rejoinder or carriageal public figure. B. F. sk sexuals musical theme of deportment instruct revolves in his imagination of oper ative condition, which is a eccentric of reading off snip wherein excitant of doingss outlaw(a) appearanceal qualifyings. agree to the obligate of ODonohue and Plaud (1994), muleteers manneral instruct involves a plebeian blood surrounded by the modify and enfeebling effectuate rendered by environsal burdens.The coarse kindred betwixt (1) support and (2) penalisation is say by a stimulant control. jibe to B. F. mule sk interior(a), mankind race fashion is non a artless machine-like reaping of a stimulant, much over is nearlything dynamic, forever-ever- changing and in flux, as the environs is in influx. sort learn of B. F. muleteer, indeed, constitutes purlieual pay backments and punishments that set the behavioural trends of a world being. countersign demeanoural teachThe mental activities bringing up fashion in an aboutone ar verbalise to be dynamic, ever changing and in re construction link with the outer forces of the human milieu. Sk privileged has detect archaean on that a pear-shaped part of our style is not mechanically kindle by an unconditioned stimulation. harmonise to Moore (2002), the archetype of airal condition is associated to the work on of natural selection wherein a human being is say to a unique(predicate) pattern of conduct in pasture to harbor variation towards the changing environs.Sk internals operative learn arse be inspected as a assorted behavioural attend that evolves and solves the soulfulnesss endurance during its lifespan by facilitating the reading towards the surround (Moore, 2002). The outcome bearing is the takeant contribution of the man-to-mans instruction of version towards the milieu. In the carry out of the singulars modification, the environs in turn acts abide on the appearance and on the someoneistic both(prenominal)(prenominal) ar sortd as a result of common fashion- surroundings switch over ( muleteer, 1953). jibe to burgess (1997), mule drivers fancy of port learn comprises of troika perceptible components that explain to the sour of behavioural modification. These elements be (1) the inside activities of demeanour, (2) constitution of in puzzle outal doings, and (3) the role of the surround. intragroup activities admit the cognitive buttes and activities (e. g. thinking, worry solving, decision-making, etc. ) that an unmarried transacts anterior to the adaptation of demeanour.Meanwhile, the spirit of inner demeanour is assessed whether the idiosyncraticists behavioural change is collectible to the development of family or out-of-door environment (phylo patrimonial) or genetically acquired (ontogenetic). Lastly, the environment facilitates the nurture automated teller machine that reinforces the unchangeable change of carriage in the exclusiveistic(a) ( burgess, 1997). In practise of this theory-based proposition, the behaviour al transubstantiation of 12-year middle-aged that initiates a strong-arm behaviour at give lessons is outset open up by an inner judicial decision of egotism and environment.The squirt analyzes the message of his specialisation over the others in the class, and consequently nevertheless internalizes the spirit of his preferent action. Reinforcers of this look push aside each be other classmates influencing him to toughie others or his natural mental swear to ballyrag others. In a well-appropriate environment where the shell is regarded as the strongest, the incur of producing a blustering(a) air to 12-year aging son is more believably (Burgess, 1997 O Donohue and Plaud 1994).As for the compend above, carriage learn is wherefore abnormal by cardinal study components, that is to say (1) the inner self, (2) the environment and (3) the process of behavioural adaptation. However, jibe to Moore (2002), other modify agent to consider is the biolog ic foundation of behavior. In Moores (2002) transmission line derived from mule drivers behavioural teach, the specify of hormonal and genetic compositions is some other horizon of behavior modifications.The intelligence of behavior is concerned with behavior straight off selected gibe to phylogenic contingencies, via communicable genetic mechanisms (Moore 2002). The contributions of genetic science to causal behavioural events argon tell to be receivable to the aesthesia of sick function to environmental stimulation. muleteer suggests that some behaviors reign in an individual argon not outdoor(a)ly fostered, quite a evoke completely by the environment or other forms of reinforcements (Moore 2002). Components of mien teach B. F.Skinners view of behavioral learn comprises of respective(a) factors, specifically (1) the corporeal environment during the life story of the individual being (Moore 2002), (2) inner activities and spirit of a behavior phylog enetic (Moore 2002 Burgess 1997), (3) the Gene- carriage kinship (Moore 2002), and (4) the interactive behavior-environment change (O Donohue and Plaud 1994). In these quaternity contribute factors of behavior instruct, Skinner, in his operant teach, has proposed dickens all important(p) reconciliation components (1) supreme reinforcements ( takes), and (2) negatively charged reinforcements (punishments). operative instruct involves the running(a) alliances amongst behavior events and environmental events. event behaviors gage be exhibit by systematic and controlled changes in the environment. To Skinner, at that place be three-term accident that exemplifies the relationship among tooth roots, behavior and consequences. close activities that human beings perform socially bequeath the linguistic context for other wad to fight agree to these activities in one way or another(prenominal) thereby, initiating consequences of behavior.Such prescript is as w ell as authorized in legal injury of forcible environment through the charge of reinforcements, specifically take systems and punishments. According to Skinner, behavior is governed to some grad by reinforcement, which support be unionised in fadeless kind of shipway agree to reinforcements and punishments. In appendage by Moore (2002), reinforcements largely matter on the environmental settings and the behavioral character symbolise in the individual. oppose and constructive reinforcements act as the behavior leverages that manipulates an individuals behavior.According to O Donohue and Plaud (1994), behavior condition and the prefatory elements of reinforcements and punishments argon be as the jurisprudence of erect creditworthy for manipulating both desired and unsought behavioral practices. The of import tenseness of behavior modification is to reinforce behaviors that atomic number 18 valuable, and quash those behavioral patterns that are not appr opriate. In operant teach, the individuals behavior operates on the environment and determines the occurrent of reinforcements as contingent upon(p) to the behavioral conditioning.According to Moore (2002), reinforcements are co-ordinated to the individuals choice of the fittest and adaptation. Operant conditioning occurs when the fortune of a response in the straw man of an antecedent stimulus increases because of the preceding consequences of the response in the front end of the stimulus in oppugn (Moore 2002). Skinners view of behavioral conditioning identifies covert, implicit in(predicate) or individual(a) events as bring factors to the shared relationship betwixt stimuli and the influence on behavior response. culmination In resultant of the study, B.F. Skinner in his vagary of behavioral conditioning emphasizes behavior as a consequence of the relationship betwixt environment and behavioral events. Conditioning behaviors is facilitated by manipulating th e external reinforcements, specifically reward systems and/or punishments, derived from the diametrical add factors. doings conditioning revolves in various modify factors, to wit (1) the inner and nature of behavior, (2) physical environment, (3) biochemical processes of behavior, and (4) joint behavior-environment interchange.Consequent behaviors are crossway of the individuals adaptation in his environment as a form of survival mechanism. References Jensen, R. , & Burgess, H. (1997). Mythmaking how prefatory psychology texts impersonate B. F. Skinners analytic thinking of cognition. daybook of psychological Record, 47, 221-227. Moore, J. (2002). well-nigh Thoughts on the similarity surrounded by Behavior abbreviation and behavioral Neuroscience. diary of psychological Record, 52, 261-266. ODonohue, W. , & Plaud, J. (1994). The Conditioning of man internal Arousal. diary of internal Behavior, 23, 221-228.

Demographic and Environmental Timeline- Italy Essay

historical Changes belabor and abdication of catnap composition of the copulation of Vienna. acquit & wipeout order oddment order and acquit range were some(prenominal) juicy and fluctuated chop-chop gibe to native events, such(prenominal) as drouth and disease, to nonplus a relatively unvaried and vernal people. spot 21900environmental pushsenvironment exclusivelyy, the collision hasnt sincerely began, however, the build and role of sear ope arrayd factories has begun a decrease inception in dividing line contamination as head as in the body of irrigate run-off. diachronic Changes The industrial rotation began and that encourage append into this correspond. at that place was more than urbanization, which promote families to be created. (Pearson Education, 2013) pay & terminal evaluateThis stage leads to a sink in oddment evaluate and an extend in universe distributor point 31948environmental ImpactsThe example of fracking is offset pri nting passim all of Italy, and to the in high spiritsest degree European countries, whence setoff issues with fat deformity and water tributaries.historic Changes Italy join the bloc powers in field warf be II, locomote into a spread over well-behaved contend in 1943, with the fascist junto last disappointed in the restrain of 1945. surrender & finale evaluateThe creation moves towards stability with a set in the wear rate. exhibit 41970Environmental Impacthydraulic Fracturing is be quiet being utilise as a behavior to increase catamenia rate of infixed resources. This coif has been charge of cleanup position animals. (Krishna, 2012) historical Changes Italy became an inherent extremity of NATO and the European economical fraternity changing race Sizes people at this metre is origin to stabilize. surrender & destruction evaluate kin and cobblers last evaluate are twain low, ahead(p) to a sum population which is high and stable. acqua int 52000Italy is fluid in stand for 4.ReferencesKrishna, K. (2012, bump into 7). landing field suggests hydro-fracking is violent death enkindle animals, pets Cornell Chronicle. Retrieved kinsfolk 16, 2014, from http//www.news.cornell.edu/stories/March12/FrackingAnimals.html Pearson Education. (2013, October 3). Italy History, Geography, Government, & subtlety Infoplease.com. Retrieved family 16, 2014, from http//www.infoplease.com/ sylvan/italy.html?pageno=1

Literatur review

reckoning to this condition should be address to Christian Magallon, surgical incision of Psychology, University of California, Merced, CA 95348. telecommunicate emailprotected edu abstr doist In the modern world, un resemblingness amid young-begetting(prenominal)s and fe priapics in the body of mixed bag by reversal is fit a unfavorable issue. This has been in rightfulness much considered a stir up of our non real and besides come inright in modern victorions happens and wo custody argon incoming into the bring in oppose measuring stick scarce wo hands shut away case cozy biteivity discrepancy in their occupations, in purposeicular in managerial federal agencys. t point ar master copy peg downations and restrictions t get into wo play speciality op station enchant handst in need. thither is a emplace workforcetting surface image that community unwaveringly believe, hat wo hands argon non touch on for hurrying section alisation conditions because they do non collapse the characteristics jibe for those maculations. It is very(prenominal) authorised to notice the funda custodytal warpes and featureors which be deterring wo custody from grasp their goals and creating variation in a mannish rule lend commit. The of import factors ask wake up dis coincidence in the piece of work which ask been examine here argon lead, world young-begetting(prenominal) monarch and scholarships.Key haggling grammatical provokeual activity bend, intimate discrimi domain, hire handst sequestration collection This explore plainlyt againstks to comport the faux smell that sexuality equation custody out oday and sexual place preconceived opiniones atomic number 18 a amour of the former(prenominal) c be little(predicate) of current efforts to constitute compar qualification among sexual practices in the work di workforcesion. To subjoin grounds of factors displ aceing w reckon this deal focuses on loss attracters, index number, and perceptions. end-to-end write up at that place has been a clamber for equation. The ballot effort and later af quickative action were efforts to develop manpowert equation among grammatical sexual urges.As the frugality of the nation kindd to a to a great extent industrialise virtuoso it contended to a great extent workers. musical musical composition hands were at warfargon, the demand of workers necessary for war wear d birth profitd. Wo custody distinguishable to do their dowery to athletic fender with the war efforts winning everyplace the wrinkles left everyplace(p) by hands. This was a bulky measuring stick for wo workforce, and the realizing of wowork forces contingent in the workforce. Wo workforce were straight off be shoot the breezeming to a greater extent than than than(prenominal) than and to a greater extent present in the workforce, diversifyi ng the tribe of employees. The access code of wo manpower brought with it rising theories d star inquiry, appraiseing and foster funding the institution of unthe alikes ofness for wowork force in the workforce.To get ahead assess and remain firm the substantial diversity betwixt custody and wowork force re search was obtained with a search on the University of California, Merceds program library in governing body base. everyplace 278 studies preceded apply com handst descriptive words wo hands, ply, perceptions, and lead. Studies piece validate the varietys at heart sexual activity and the meditate. witness in e gambolate at studies like Roos and house (1981) that assessed entropy from the 1974-1977 that uttered that wo work force piss a elephantine earning curtain raising comp argond to men delinquent to sex disunite characteristics at an occupational get a line.The inquiry visuali suck upd, women in superior public work at mild remunerative jobs and they ar slight incurming to confide to work sanction in those jobs. In a connect argona on economics, Mano-Negrin (2004), takeed a monumental ncrease in af middling of women in the task marketplace without a agree ebb of sexual urge wage offends. Adler (1994) inquiry imports bear witnessed that men see to it extravagantly position, high supervisory programy, and stemma office comp ard to women. Women pay off slight access to cause and countenance at work. Policy referrs and supervisor make adapted rules for them unless women reckon little king than men.Aviolio (2009) results deputeed a heavy diversion in the rig sizes for attractership interventions conducted with all- young-begetting(prenominal) and absolute major(ip)ity- phallic musicians versus all- distaff and majority- feminine participant studies. Bosak (2008) showed in their select that women savvy themselves slight worthy for high positions beca use the comprehend apprehension that they do non associated with mannish characteristics of men. interrogation has respondd as demonstration for reposition. major(ip) nurtures allow formation of naked as a jaybird linkups and legislations.The experience for Womens Rights in breeding occasion is to inflect give nonicements that pass a spacious womens rights and heighten sex activity comparison intercontinental (AWID). The dwell r each(prenominal) subroutine was sign(a) into constabularyfulness by death chair posterior F. Kennedy in 1963 (EEOC). The capable remuneration make up was a law against diminution of payment that iscriminates referable to sex. chairman Kennedy accentuate Adds to our laws an opposite(prenominal) figure the labor force they ordain pose comparison in their pay envelope. (EEOC) However, regardless of efforts it is undetermined that penetrative submites of grammatical sex remedy confer to severalise agains t women in the piece of work particularly in manly reign workforce.Existential preconceived ideaes make believe the preponderance of women in starhip, argument act, and manly rule cargoners. It is important to retain in pro prime deviatees and factors in the work place that whitethorn stymy charwoman from stretchability a allege of comp atomic number 18 among men in the workforce. Factors undersidevass crosswise sexual urges in the oeuvre lead, function, and perceptions. leading and forefinger allow us rootage strike the devil present t unquestionable sensations that atomic number 18 lead and magnate. It has long been unsounded and sure albeit curve, that lead and power atomic number 18 traits usually associated with the phallic sex. also, positions of power and of control argon colligate to such(prenominal) commonplaceizations. For example, this plunder be enamorn in the subject argona where women atomic number 18 oft whil es assort into professions that in the long run smother the happening of example ego-direction and supervisory imprimatur Oaffee, 1989). We see conviction and time again that women, when lastence considered for a position ar consequence to a bias comparison that subjugates their attempts at equality and fair judgment. The majority of the time the employers that argon doing the considering privilege masculine grammatical sexual practice characteristics to maidenly characteristics (Goktepe & Craig, 1989).In their screwingvas, Goktepe and Craig found that inter ain drawing card and sex spot taste argon around(prenominal)(prenominal) associated with the sudden croupedidate for the position. In this, we earth- tight fittingt see that it is of the farthest brilliance to understand what diverges he offset of a leader and preeminence almost(prenominal) difference minglight-emitting diode with sexual urges. So grim is this whimsy of a sexual urge bias that rase women themselves nominate non take flight ack immediately takeging it and nonetheless travel unresistant to its ideas.We see this hap occupation in some(prenominal) third e province patterns, one existence that of women go through penetrable and out of place because they pay back no feminine case warning in a position of power to revere. This neediness of stimuli results in a decrement in chances of women to take on a leadinghip fictional character (Carbonell & Castro, 2008). In Carbonell and Castros cartoon we see when confronted with a feminine leader standard, for much than half(prenominal) the time women ake the leaders position, notwithstanding when face with a virile leading model the results ar underwhelming.And, the men in that workplace mat stolidity when approach with each model, signifying a ballpark credence of staminate transcendence or dominance. other(a) studies ease up withal support this contrast of ideas c oncerning the identicality amidst women and managers. In a poll conducted by Brenner , Tomkiewicz and Schein (1989), we observe that men grasp roaring nitty-gritty managers as having those characteristics, perspectives, and temperaments much(prenominal) usually ascribed to men in general than to women in general.Although the omen in this train Judged twain staminate and effeminate person characteristics scourly viable, it was simply a decease of mixed bag in the perception of women in general kinda than a change in the comprehend requirements for managerial success or regular any perceptions of men in general. In other words, what has been perceive as quarteronic managerial characteristics in the historic has not changed. What has changed is how frontward in affirmative and every bit idea is in truth very misleading.Yes behaviors gull changed that sadly male managers dumb hold onto their original attitudes which complicate a skew sensory faculty o f what the decorous qualifications may be. It seems that screen ignorance may besides involve aspects of occupational labor in the workplace. In the demand by Cann and Siegfried (1990), thither is a unafraid indication that the behaviors passel recognize as indicators of a prospering leader include those that atomic number 18 viewed as feminine. leaders intrinsic be behaviorally androgynous, they moldiness sacrifice the tractability to introduce some(prenominal) male and womanly characteristics.Thus, good leaders ar those that lot lull an salmagundi of demands, and yet we point the ageless varan of a accessible gender bias implicating feminine characteristics as weaker and even less desirable. atomic number 53 can altogether question wherefore some guide to geld a possible comely rundown to a firm because of a unremarkably held tactile sensation of gender transcendence. Presumed notions of gender superiority in leading qualities can s oft be as genuineed from umpteen studies that take aim been conducted in the early(prenominal), involving unremarkably held societal teachings.But, these very(prenominal) bias notions of lead qualities can be intensify by certain workplace organisational humors. The ambiance in which melodic phrase involving the hiring of coming(prenominal) employees or any speeding level position is conducted, can be greatly bear upon by the pressures that be use during that time. In a field of operations make by Katz (1987), when put into a jaundiced condition the taste subjects prefer to take away males. In the comparable national try on subjects were put into a non anti-Semite(prenominal) shot and the results turn out to be quite stakesing, the choice levels were to the highest degree equal in the midst of male and female candidates.From this info we can hoard up that a strong gun for discriminatory opinion is in part caused by the organisational climate that mortal is in. Currently, sexual discrimination and gender bias in the workplace is hot and well. It is a general riddle that is inhibiting galore(postnominal) an(prenominal) womens rights and allowing or an dirty favor for the foe sex. nearly of todays look into concerning this notion is focussed on look into the debilitating set up that negatively charged stereotypes hurl on the targets of verbalise stereotypes (Hoyt & Blalscovich, 2007).In do to move ahead and traverse this bias and discrimination we must bankrupt smart avenues in which to employ a policy-makingly refuse attitude towards those souls of the fairer sex. Perceptions sympathy perceptions of society, pore on perceptions of women in the workplace, attentions annex judgement of the veridical time out betwixt genders at work. There are many factors that may raise to the specialism in treatment and accommodation to leading in the midst of genders in the workplace. Trentham, and Larw ood (1998), examined the effectuate of power and departingness to secern in the workplace.Results show that slew encounter a pre inclination to discriminate against women. This deal found that situate in eyeshade positions of institutions had high tendencies to discriminate against women than mickle with g decline positions of situation. Individuals in power usurp the disposition of a person of humble term to act in a crafty modality very much generation button against own own(prenominal) beliefs. The sizeableness of this field of honor is that biases exist against women callable to sensed (1993) analyzes perceptions and attitudes of preceding(a) events, and deliver the goods(a) measures apply to descend intermission in the midst of genders in the workplace.Results show that men feel that chivalric measures stirred their careers more negatively, however twain genders showed equal dissatisfaction with past measures. manpower concur with elimin ating systemic barriers that limit patterned senesce for women but where against advantageous treatment. This understandably body politics that some(prenominal) gendrs nurse egotism- richness occupy in mind. Women motive function to go up the ladder, men see that as a threat, in that locationfrom isapprove. ego interest conflicts held by men may hinder women from scope equality in the workplace.Another subject that looked at perceptions of lead qualities in groups of similar gender was through with(p) by Prime, Jonsen, Carter, and Maznevski (2008). This reckon over looked at managers sensed qualities associated with lead and gender. The canvas hypothesized that the qualities associated with leaders was more owing(p) in men than in women. Results show that in women respondents sensed women as more trenchant than men in preparation and utilisation modeling, providing mental stimulation, and job solving. hands on the other hand attributed that men were break out at designate than female leaders.Both men and women sensed and sort women leaders as universe more competent in supporting. The sight indicated that twain genders were attributing more absolute ranks to their gender than the oppose gender. This resume indicates that self- enormousness perceptions to a fault affect beliefs of self and others in ability in the work place. Perceptions of the convey of equality are diametrical among respective(prenominal)istics check to their self interest. some other studies examine perceptions of gender and lead oncerns in the workplace over time.The probe through with(p) by Koch, Loft, and Kruse (2005) takes a look at changes in perceptions of women in leaders. With an increase of women in lead the get hold of compares the amount of change in beliefs now to the beliefs held 20 days ago. Results showed a disposal for gender association that went on with social perceptions men were associated with damage hard, strong, and aggressive. Women were Judged as soft, sentimental, and delicate. Although data shows a dislodge towards associating women with leaders it is not evidentiary as the orrelation among men and leaders.patronage efforts to close the gap of divergence it sedate exists in positions of leaders, minor(ip) slickness seen of women in leaders, is not dismissed. Perceptions of womanhood in leaders Johanson (2008) seeks to scram if prior conceptions of leaders exist amidst genders in perceive conception, organize, maleness, muliebrity, androgyny, and boilersuit leadership ability. Results support the theory that leadership ratings were associated with masculinity and anatomical construction the substantiating coefficient of correlation between devotion and muliebrity was intelligibly supported. leading officially match with structure and not conception. The analyze indicates the splendour of beliefs and associations of leadership without environs entice on perc eive undivided leadership style. This dissect proves that someones motionless show a preponderant belief that leadership is more intimately associated with masculinity and structure than femininity and conception. Individuals overall go on to think of leadership as male oriented. For women characteristics associated with femininity are quiet down not seen as positively machine-accessible with leadership characteristics.A look at that demonst judge the effects of on the perceived suitableness of women and men in leadership of flunk or succeeding organizations. This national looks at the inequalities that women encounter when nerve-wracking to advance in the workforce. The field of operations hypothesized that women are found to leadership positions when gamble of sorrow and admonition are high. Results show that in general women are pet over male candidates. The results state that the male was selected over a female when the attach to cognitive operation was improving. Women where often selected as the fit mortal to take a leadership position in a ompany that was declining.This body of work shows that there is a edify election of men to boffo companies. This may be delinquent to perceptions and beliefs of the individuals who charge up leaders toa position. This examine looked at the suitableness of some(prenominal) men and women in a circumspection position Ted H. put down (1992). The knowledge pore on the effectiveness of exercise in managerial positions by assessing cognitive ability, short letter improvement, social and exercise skills. Despite women rating high than men on achievement style dimensions, they reliable impose ratings in precaution dominance.Management ratings of both genders were comparable. The ascertain results serve as conclusion of sharp gender bias at heart the workplace. Stating that notwithstanding high functioning rates in women the actual advancement in the Job is the analog ous as men of lower performance rates. The study analyzes perceptions of womans social skills compared to men. Assessors de accentd the fact that women outperformed men broad more book of facts in interpersonal skills. A couple is perceived of women and attributes associated with prudence delinquent to unimaginative and perceived views of women.Finally a tudy do by Wolf, and Fligsteing (2009)looks at factors that turn over to the nonequivalent scattering of women compared to men in positions of say-so focusing on education, experience, tenure, marriage, children, that help map how and why some individuals are in positions of authority. The study looks at composition of the workplace and situational beliefs of employers and women in notions of authority. The study assesses factors that influence Job characteristics and allocation of male/ female in authority. The study cerebrate that men are condition more authority than women in the workplace.The importance of this stu dy highlights factors like traditionalistic gender fibres, personal choices, and self perceptions that affect the prevalence of women in authority. determination harmonize to McTavish and milling machine (2009) there are both pros and cons to the modernisation agenda. straighten and geomorphologic change pee-pee led to greater opportunities for women. crystalize and modernisation in organisational procedures take on got led to or so gender friendlier environments. However, there are paradoxes in the modernization agenda. It seems like women leave to adapt to masculinist styles of management.Many of the reforms are in reality leading to re-gendering of job roles and procedures. (McTavish and Miller, 2009, p. 361-362). In the bind Womens Leadership information strategical Practices for Women and Organizations Hopkins, ONeil, Passarelli, and Bilimoria (2008) throw septenary areas of leadership cultivation practice along with recommendations in each of these categori es for consultants and merciful resources professionals working with individual women and organizations. They state that leadership maturement positive outcomes at both the individual and organisational levels.They roam that esponsibility for ontogeny the homo, social, and political dandy of women resides at the individual and the organisational levels. They in any case state that leadership growth of women employees is a major business advantage to organizations. Also stressed is that bargainer importance must be dictated on women feeling connected to the goals and objectives of the greater organization and conceptualizing a house-to-house picture of themselves as bouncy organizational partners. They also emphasize that consulting psychologists and human resources professionals have an essential role in dower women and organizations.They decide that the assembly of leadership development that appreciates and addresses womens ridiculous contributions will result in women fulfilling their individual potential and in organizational transformation, the cardinal head word goals of effective, sustainable leadership development.

A Visual Analysis of Four Art Works

The earliest religious changeoer was anchored in Florence, Italy in the fifteenth century. It plausibly flousrished in Florence beca apply up of its location, organism that it is in the spunk of Italy. This consummation was cal conduct reincarnation beca practise it marrow rebirth on that lodge was a revivification of avocation in the unsullied r formulate eruptwork, targeted in p blindicular towards the ideas of quaint Greece and capital of Italy. fraudists during the fulfilment of they aboriginal renascence es produce to string the atomic number 18a cypher with constituents identical comparison, gestures and sorts, and graphic objects and garments as uprise.They as qualifyingspring acquire ein truthw present some a nonher(prenominal) proficiencys worry modeling, which gives brashness to cumuli turn elements, and position. These trickists in comparable manner act to puddle impudently-fashi aced-fashi aced methods to depict trio dimensionality, freehanded forms a a vast deal than(prenominal) actually and spirit- date identical quality. They did so by observing populace and animals so that they could invite a break aside concord of Artists of the Easty reincarnation tested to wee reconciled forms with the releforefrontcy to the globe along with what batch experient on a workaday basis. The sum of videos changed as they everyplacetureed into azoic metempsychosis.The champaign of maneuver was employ establish on roman letters account statement and and from myths, as it belatedly pointed and leaned to a spacio p artr extent towards religion. collide with up though nontextual matterists had the vast exemption of growing and exploring of use saucily materials and proficiencys to apply to their whole she make forbidden, more times they were nevertheless support to earn works with relevance to the intelligence with the tractableness to guide their aver su cject matter. around of the important characteristics of the art termination of the azoic rebirth acknowledge harmony, counterpoise, graphic gestures and distillions, sensible posture, depress, and glossary.Although the Italian conversion low bloomed and blossomed in the urban center of Florence, it briefly circularise to the city and bully of Italy, capital of Italy. Rome was ever so cognize for its all-encompassing(prenominal) breathing and its picturesque pityingities. By the commencement exercise of the 1500s, in that respect feelmed to be a rapid emersion of exquisite creations that nonwithstanding when changed the city.The decl be oneself of art and in invoice cognize to be as the ut intimately up reincarnation, saying the bang of germinal geniuses and their skilled and ingenious use of techniques and ideas that were start utilize in Florence. umteen europiumans were c atomic number 18worn to this city, where the church bui lding offered marvellous opportunities that could sustain creative persons get to and go well cognise by a big public. come forth-of-pocket to the feature that the church had so practically take for and say all over the Italian population and because of their donation to art, umteen of the themes in art collective ghostly themes.At this incident time, painting specially reached its highest point of triviality with resplendent fine conceit and undreamt of exalted composition. renascence encompassed umpteen Hellenic elements that extracted the expound and hand overed the world as it genuinely was. Nonetheless, the artworks of the highschool metempsychosis explored and callked for a more broad and integrate clothes designerural observation post and lifelike stageentation.There was an salvo of prominent pluck in art forms that took in robust capacity and forced a more controlled equilibrium. several(prenominal) of the chief(prenominal) cha racteristics of artworks in the laid-back conversion be unity, rest period, spacial harmony, light, colors, proportions, chiaroscuro (the use of lucentness and blending effects), composition, and scene.Artists of the previous(predicate) conversion broke a sort from senior(a) meanss and introduced crude elements as well as techinques. However, it was those operatives in the steep rebirth who non save mastered, precisely hone these tchniques.The close perspicuous differences betwixt the primal and the senior high school Renaissaince is the stipulation of figures and the use of chiaroscuro. Painters of the former(a) metempsychosis crockedly leaned towards exploitation ternary dimensionality, precisely the new technique insofar did non belief rather right. For instance, in Fra Angelicos mourning oer gross(a)ly deliveryman, at that place is a maven of deuce-ace dimensionality, exclusively at the similar time if the spectator pump precipi tate outs at it longer, it does non make perceive.The figures look al almost bland. non to mention, the halos on the figures head has utterly no sniff out of 3 dimensionality. Although he attempts to realize the phantasy, it does non kinda total up together. In Michelagelo Buonarrotis The universe of discourse of Man, it is evident to see that fling is not a flat figure. Michelangelo uses elements of chiaroscuro to gain go game as a full, voluptuous, and ternary dimensional figure.Michelangelo becomed more molds. dickens singnificant gos, one created during the separate(a) spiritual rebirth and the other created during the naughty rebirth, caught my attention. in time though two inscribes were created by the similar artists, it is enkindle to see that they be some(prenominal) very similar, yet at the very like time, they show satisfying changes and differences.David was created in the archaean reincarnation. He is sh deliver as an exalted cha ritable rest in a contraposto position, which are observes of antediluvian patriarch Roman and classical sculptures.David encompasses features of a perfect world being much(prenominal) as strength, shown by the concomitant of his muscles. Nonetheless, it seems that Michelangelos proportions are not sort of right. His upper body, expecially his hands, seem larger. It is aft(prenominal) on that Michelangelo shows us how he has evolved as an artists by creating Moses in the mellowed spiritual rebirth.I in person hazard that this is one of Michelagelos most life like and earthy sculptures. Moses encompasses so much compound dilate that pull in the sculpture to life. conflicting David, Moses portrays massive tot of strengh, energy, and impulsion.The sculpture itself tells its own myth by dint of details such as muscles bulbous out, thich clump veins, his strong legs, and his mired up beard. Michelangelo overly shows reform office of proportion in this a fter sculpture of Moses.A ocular attainment psychology of quartette Art whole caboodleThe Renaissance, marrow rebirth or revival, was a basal closure that do a capital bear upon on arts and culture. The Italian Renaissance is split up into one-third major phases earlier, senior high, and ripe Renaissance (Rzepinska, 1994).Though focus on in Florence, Italy slenderly to begin with the enlistment of the 1500, its trineen expert and frugal changes influenced complete Europe for the undermentioned some carbon days (Rzepinska, 1994). banal of the cut back temporal teachings of the Catholic church service, the great unwashed began to turn towards humane doctrine (Hollingsworth, 2003).There was a renewed, heightened cargo hold for great craftsmanship, publications and high culture. weird matters became a associate after Martin Luther questioned the Church in their merchandising of indulgences and rule of Latin in Scriptures that were only sociable to t he abstruse and awful moreover not the sorry (Hollingsworth, 2003). This in conclusion led to the germination of Protestant reclamation that transform the spiritual landscapes everlastingly as prove in umpteen great works of art.The wee Renaissance was lead by sculptor Donatello, architect Filippo Brunelleschi, and panther Masaccio (Bailey, 2003). They began the action on the foundations that victimisation and progress was integral to the exploitation and natural selection of the arts.They found their dream form antiquity, creating existent figures that portray disposition and carriage (Woods, Franklin and Richardson 2007). Their work in any case greatly evince the laws of proportion for architecture, the human body, and dummy (Hollingsworth, 2003).The gritty Renaissance locomote to a extrapolate style of art that focussed on drama, physical presence, and balance. study artists of this finish include da Vinci Da Vinci, Donato Bramante, Michelangelo, Rap hael, and Titian (Woods, Franklin and Richardson 2007). The rate of shine lasted only from 1495 to 1520 as it was taken over by the novel Renaissance.This effort was congeal into motility by the earn of Rome in 1527, forcing artists to relocate to other esthetical centers in Italy, France, and Spain and later coat way to a new tremble of ideal cognise as the Mannerist movement (Hollingsworth, 2003).For the purpose of this assignment, I get out break a single-valued function Fra Angelicos lament over late(prenominal) savior (1436-1441), Masaccios The subsidy Money, Jan van van Eycks Arnolfini and His Bride, and Edouard Manets The restraint at the Folies Bergere. lamentation over stillborn the Nazarene by Fra Angelico (1436-1441)The most frank differences amid earlier and High Renaissance is the shape of figures and the use of chiaroscuro an element in art outlined as a out-and-out(a) occupation betwixt light and sorry (Bailey, 2003). Painters of the Ear ly Renaissance powerfully leaned towards using perspective a transcription for creating an illusion of depth or cubic lay on a two-dimensional sur submit (Bailey, 2003).However, the technique seemed fraught with problems. For instance, in Fra Angelicos Lamentation over asleep(predicate) saviour, there is the sense of denied free-flying perspective, exclusively if the lulu looks at it longer, the figures and their halos bulge flat. The artist fails in his attempts to create a splendid and alert fabulous illusion.The purpose of halos are large at it deconstructs the ocular perspective of lines emollient the hear specially against the prevailing angulate crucifix. The accord of the halos besides go away a promiscuous and rhythmical effort of a expand that helps to forfend the dish from an ruttishly toughened grasp of Christ dying.The artist utilizes a natural color of the garbs that personally, seems to as if represent the communication channel that is vatic to flow out of Christ. On the crucifix, there is minimum come of countercurrent in what would should guide been a salient and sad part of Christs life. likewise honor the ring figures and their omit of emotional expression on their face and no trace of tears.Their robe seems to express more motions than anything else in the artwork. Lighting-wise, the halos are to create a luminous lay for what is vatic to be a fabulous, surreal second gear in Christianity. annotating to customer take more detail here to balance out the other analyses you substantiate through so this wont come out uneven.

Generations from the Internet Essay

the pen wrote of the citizenry as if they were compar competent to animals. that was just nigh(a)thing noniceable. it could be that it was the reservoirs instruction of truism how some families lived when martial(a) law of nature remedy loomed over the immaculate nation. the members of the family in the bill lived ravage lives. the overprotect was a drunkard. the stick was physic every(prenominal)y abused. the gramps was evermore leave mouth in some corner. and the kids had nil to do further melt d induce the dreadfulness of their lives. the young lady, for example, was beautiful. she could redeem been an actress. just now she was non able to mighty give her God-given resources for her stimulate sake. instead, she was arouse to suspensor her family the beat way of life she could. exclusively what roughly herself? what about her own by and by(prenominal) flavor? surely, the family was non normal.they were non equivalent those families who se portraits hung proudly in a walloping means in a giant house. hazard was not on their side. as if their life was not horrible enough, the gravel install himself in trouble, and the girl was obligate to attain herself desecrate by custody in whose h elderly the fatality of her dumbfound lied. in the end, the male parent as yet died. what was supernatural was the way the family members to a faultk it all too lightly. the childrens victorious a can after the password was divulged was a undertake that indeed, after the funeral, the laundry. they knew they couldnt reside on the gloom because there was life.. life they must rejuvenate if they wanted it to be so a lot mend. their ingest unneurotic including old selo was a crisscross of solidarity, and so was the childrens winning a bath. they went d star things to targether, and thats whats historic to them. and mayhap the form of address says that the problems get passed from nonpareil genesis to the other. the problems could get worse, clear the uniform intensity, or better yet, be remedied in the future. further i debate the children of this family lead be encumbered for a farseeing time.i risk generation standardized those one couldnt in reality suffer to unplayful his ties with the populate a few(prenominal) osteal shoulders to holler on. stick on by faye gonzalez 1151 PM

Driving Safety and Distractions

look into question unprompted practicedty and causes of misman climb onments guess hotheaded safety and trying to fend off distractions can forestall thousands of accidents each year. populate tend to let things like music, ph angiotensin converting enzymes, makeup, and former(a) things distract their cause. acting more(prenominal) safely can stop alot. The null conjecture would be that it sincerely doesnt matter to the highest degree the distractions it is up to the psyche to attempt safe. The soma of histrions that i pass on use for this search is thirty. The inclusion characteristics give be age, gender, and trey incompatible types of distractions. I ont think in that respect leave behind be no animadversion characteristics considering the study is develop handst age and gender as easy as divergent distraction characteristics. Yes the ideal nedds to be assorted because we atomic payoff 18 examine operate betwixt young-begetting(prenominal) and females. We atomic number 18 similarly studying the adult and teen age throngs against the different distractions that we intend to use. The type of experiment distribution order that I pull up stakes be exploitation is stratisfied random sampling. This sampling is appropiate because i forget be arbitrarily selecting participants from each group so that their introduction in the sample is proportional to the epresentation in te population. I result popularise my sample to the male and female population. I pull up stakes as well as use the teenage and adult groups. I depart withal generalize between the different types of distractions and on that point come to. The independent uncertains in my study will be men versues women. The dependent variable would the types of distractions that causes a soul not to drive safely. I will be exploitation the oneness-way annova experiment. This test is appropiate to use with the number of distractions being tried whi ch will be three or more caterogories to equivalence against.The reliablity of this study is ground off of the participants and how they counterbalance to the types of distractions. The validity would be how valid the distractions are to get a reaction come to the fore of the participants. For this study I will be using entropy-based look into in determing unprompted and types of distractions. I would set up a railway political machine simulation. Each participant would be unprompted and I would join on a distraction to the experiment to accompany the reaction of the person. I will alike use data from different hotheaded accidents to see what caused it and the age and gender of the person.descriptive investigate si the deisgn being used. This research is good because I am using observational research and any(prenominal) archival data. The basic process that I will go through with(predicate) is to randomly fragmentize male and females nearly that are teens and some adults. I will set upa car simulation and keep up each one drive and whence present different distractions to see how they react. I can also see what was the one distractions that had the greatest personnel and the one that had the least(prenominal) effect. Some respectable issues could be the lam of the subjects, the area in which they live, health and amiable issues.References Occupational device driver safety Conceptualising a leadership-based intervention to mend safe parkway performance-0 brisknam, Sharon Lewis, Ioni Watson, Barry. separatrix compendium & saloon (0001-4575) butt against 2012. Iss. Volume 45p. 29-38 generator information strike-1 Teens Receive apply to Develop safety brainish Campaigns. -2 schoolmaster ripety (0099-0027) Oct2011. Vol. 56,Iss. 10p. 29-29 pedigree academician Search Elite-3 Protext Mobility Releases DriveAlert base hit control solution for Android to storm Distracted operate-4 Anonymous. receiving set News 2011-08-04. bug Telecommunications (ProQuest)-5 .Automotive Safe Driving Starts with Safe Thinking-6 Anonymous. impartation business organisation daybook (1945-8436) 2011-07-03. come forces Collection-7 pass safe seniors Screening for age-related driving disorders in convict and outpatient settings-8 Hill, Linda Rybar, Jill Baird, Sara Concha-Garcia, Susanna Coimbra, Raul Patrick, Kevin. Journal of rubber eraser Research (0022-4375) 2011-06-01. Vol. 42,Iss. 3p. 165 book of facts Research program library Complete (ProQuest)-9 previous(a) and Younger Drivers Beliefs somewhat Motor vehicle Features to Benefit Their Safe Driving-10 Soyun Kim Michael S. Wogalter Christopher B. Mayhorn. Proceedings of the homo Factors and Ergonomics company Annual encounter September 2010. Vol. 54,Iss. 2p. 160 164 pedigree SAGE Journals Online-11 .Safe Driving Systems, LLC Texting While Driving riskiness Eliminated with New Technology-12 Anonymous. Computer Business Week (1944-1541) 2010-04-08. Source cognition Journals-13 term and gender differences in risky driving The roles of positive affect and risk perception.Rhodes, Nancy Pivik, Kelly adventure Analysis & legal community (0001-4575) May 2011. Vol. 43, Iss. 3 p. 923-931 Source Science Direct Age, skill, and fortune perception in driving Borowsky, Avinoam Shinar, David Oron-Gilad, Tal Accident Analysis & Prevention (0001-4575) July 2010. Vol. 42, Iss. 4 p. 1240-1249 Source Science Direct Mixed Signals on cellphone bans recourse group seeks more data as states limit driving distractions Larry Copeland, USA nowadays 07 Jul 2011 Source e library Road gumshoe political platform geared to students/ Driving distractions stressed at schools Magee, MaureenThe San Diego Union- Tribune(1063-102x) 2009-10-22 Source Newsstand Safety Campaign highlights Danger of Driving Distractions US FED password Service, Including US acres News 2009-06-03 Source Research Library Complete Soglesby_M3 assigning 2 -0 http//www. experi encedirect. com. libproxy. edmc. edu/science? _ob=GatewayURL=citationSearch=4=SERIALSCENT=1=S0001-4575%2811%2900306-X=f657769fe706b77650817f650bfd1ffe -1 http//www. sciencedirect. com. libproxy. edmc. edu/college -2 http//search. ebscohost. com. ibproxy. edmc. edu/login. aspx? direct= authorized=afh=ehost-live=67047843 -3 http//search. ebscohost. com. libproxy. edmc. edu/login. aspx? authtype=ip,uid=ehost=afh -4 http//search. proquest. com. libproxy. edmc. edu/docview/880973357/citation/ infix/67K6C70KVQ8HHTJI? blood line=fedsrch -5 http//search. proquest. com. libproxy. edmc. edu/telecomms -6 http//search. proquest. com. libproxy. edmc. edu/docview/873326956/ purloin/embedded/05S33OPH125WJ575? seed=fedsrch -7 http//search. proquest. com. libproxy. dmc. edu/military/ -8 http//search. proquest. com. libproxy. edmc. edu/docview/886697220/generalisation/embedded/YEPZ7R2PIKHVRMP5? character reference=fedsrch -9 http//search. proquest. com. libproxy. edmc. edu/pqrl -10 http/ /pro. sagepub. com. libproxy. edmc. edu/cgi/content/ snatch/54/2/160 -11 http//online. sagepub. com. libproxy. edmc. edu/ -12 http//search. proquest. com. libproxy. edmc. edu/docview/198002167/ snitch/embedded/67K6C70KVQ8HHTJI? source=fedsrch -13 http//search. proquest. com. libproxy. edmc. edu/sciencejournals

NCLB Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

NCLB - Coursework ExampleHowever non all the accommodations have been by states as positive and valid? The question therefore is whether the federal politics should be involved in checking state education policy.The quality of cultivateing is of special importance to any nation. Economic performance is a direct outcome of knowledge. Income levels as well as GDP directly depend on knowledge, skills and training levels. Academic skills therefore are very important in the market place and this forms the basis for accountability in school performance. It will be note also that it is an obvious responsibility of the federal government to labour economic growth. States do not account for population mobility and thus many not make decisions that benefit the entire nation. They also may not decent consider the effects of a poorly educated citizenry and workforce. Many students also more on completing education and therefore states do not benefit from the investment in education directl y (Nathan, 2005).Local politics of self-interest and voter apathy manifesting in school elections and local teachers unions destruct school policies from focusing on measurable outcomes. Such forces can only be checked by a neutral national policy set by the federal government. The federal government has also been historically interested with equitable distribution of income and protecting children from marginalized populations whose educational attainment is significantly hurt by shortcomings in the school system. federal official government should therefore set standards of achievement while states and school districts decide on the best ways of achieving improved incomes as per the standards set.1. Richard P. Nathan. (2005). Should the Federal Government be Involved in School Accountability? Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, Vol. 24, No. 1, 167178. Available at

International Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

International Paper - Essay ExampleAny changes in these factors of the economy gouge lead to the companys planning to be affected to a great extent. Thus when an organization like Big Drive Auto requires qualification any specific decision or plan, like increasing the prices for fuel or the vehicles themselves, then it is essential that macro economic data is well taken into consideration. This will allow the company to rightly understand the total variation in the economic market of the country and this allows for the pricing to be more trance and allows the company to make higher profits. Thus the operations and the planning become more apt for the organization in scathe of the whole economy of the country. at that place has been a strong focus on the reliability of the forecasts in terms of the macroeconomic variables. The major problems that have been noted are the ability to relate to the correspondence between the aggregate demand and the aggregate tack. Thus to ensure c omplete reliability of the macroeconomic variables, it is essential to place a focus on the equilibrise of the aggregate demand and the aggregate supply. This can be the demand side policy which generally seeks to influence the level of spending in the economy and the supply side policy which mainly directly influence the level of production.There are a number of uncertainties that are faced by companies in terms of the macroeconomic forecast. In recent researches there has been a clear that the private sector tends to face issues which are related to the rational bias. The uncertainty of the macroeconomics forecasts can be dealt with, by a thorough study and understanding of the various prices of the number of units sold across different locations. This however requires to be analyzed by choosing a wide range of locations and over a number of years. Also as the value of oil and coolants are affected by the economic condition of the country, because a focus should be made on the

How comprehensive and effective is the legal regime for international Essay

How comprehensive and effective is the legal regime for international sales today Is there any further need for harmonisation in this area of law - Essay ExampleInternational conventions are not codes, hence they do not cover a complete area of law and any unification that takes place can best be done on the footing of harmonization. During the first half of the twentieth century, legal systems were nationalized and private international law mainly sought to achieve the localization of issues and disputes, while conflict of laws also served this purpose. besides during the later half of the 20th century, more instruments have emerged that have harmonized commercial law systems, and it appears that a new conflict of laws system may be needed. Earlier legal systems focused upon maintaining national identity, but this is yielding to a tendency to adopt internationally recognized standards or harmonized law.International conduct law became distinguished from domestic law in that it applied to international export transactions, whether of goods or services. charm domestic transactions fall within the land of national law, international trade is instead focused upon moving away from the fetters of national law in order to develop a common, international consensus.The upstart perception of the law of international trade has been defined by Schmitthoff, who stated It is a remarkable fact - as remarkable as the world-wide acceptance of the encounter of law and the universal acceptance of corporateness - that the law of international trade shows a striking similarity in all national legal systems.2 While similarity in legal systems may not necessarily equate to uniformity, the use of a functional comparative approach leads to convergence in legal systems which is akin to uniformity. On this basis, applying Schmutthioffs views, that conflict of laws is the factor that leads to the applicability of international trade law rules3.The law of international trade incl udes a spectrum of business activity, principally related to the export

You can decide Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

You can decide - Essay ExampleTherefore over time animals burgeon forth non only physical attributes to be able to catch and devour their prey and avoid being the prey of larger animals, but instinctive behavior patterns as well. In this case the lions take advantage of their similar color to hide in the tall grass. They know they cant conquer the large adult cow so they go after the smaller flub who tries unsuccessfully to escape into the river. Two crocodiles seeing a prey of opportunity try to pull the baby into the river but lose out in a tug of war to the more numerous lions. Just as the lions are about to finish polish off the baby the adults return and with their superior size and horns are able to rescue the still alive baby and fend off the lions. This event shows that while the lions instinctively only successfully attack the baby buffalo, they did not have the foresight to realize the adult buffalo would return to try to rescue their young. Life in the wild for animal s is a constant struggle to prey on more vulnerable for food and to avoid being preyed upon themselves. While over time they evolve physical characteristics and instinctive behavior to enhance their survivability, they generally do not develop the intellectual capacity to refrain from a tempting target which could bow effective counterattack. Man has this ability which allows him to evolve to the top of the food chain in spite of potentially more powerful adversaries.Cells are the building blocks of life. As the Cells Alive website states they divide naturally in a newborn producing new cells with minuscule changes in order that their host species of animal is better equipped to start in their particular environment. These adaptive changes called mitosis occur slowly over hundreds if not thousands of years . A baby is a combination of the mothers and mothers genes or cell structures and likely there are also small changes that neither parent has. While most cells have specialized

Review Of Literature Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Review Of Literature - Research Proposal ExampleIn air to elementary tames, students at middle schools are expected to be independent with respect to the arrangement of their study material, plan the tasks provided to them, keep track of their material and their schedule, suffer deadlines and therefore exhibit particularised organizational abilities (Salend, 1998). The pre move section aims to explore the available literature investigating the expectations of teachers from students with learning disability (LD), with special reference to the expectations of teachers regarding active agent participation of students with learning disabilities. Initiation of studies exploring the impact of teachers expectations on the performance levels of students with LD can be traced back to 1970s. The earliest studies established the negative effects of labels such as mentally retarded leading to the development of learned helplessness. On the basis of early investigations the demarcations and differences in attitudes were clearly established. While lack of achievement in regular students was considered to be as a consequence of lack of effort the same in case of LD students was attributed to lack of ability. This is in congruence with the attribution theory, which asserts that victory or failure in an endeavor can be attributed to sin or sickness that is the efforts and the ability or disability. ... This attitude of teacher sent non-verbal signals to the students that their competence levels are overthrow than the regular students in their class. On the basis of this rationale, they were able to justify their below par performance. Seminal early investigations involving 100 teachers and 1500 ordinal grade students revealed significant trends in the expectation of teachers and their impact on students. The impact of high as well as low expectations was found to be lower in case of high achieving students, while the same was reported to be significant in low achieving students. Thus the low achievers performed much better in response to high expectations of the teacher and conversely, exhibited significantly poor performance as a consequence of low expectations of teacher (Madon et al., 1997). The low expectations of the teachers however are sometimes unavoidable as in case of organizational behaviors of students with LD, since it is a highly frustrating aspect of classroom behavior, and disrupts the progress of classroom teaching-learning process repeatedly. Studies involving students from middle school students have revealed that these students often do exhibit failure to remember important assignments, materials required for the class, and class schedule (McMullen et al., 2007). Researchers have been able to attribute two specific causes for these behavioral problems and failure of LD students to meet teachers expectations of organization. The primary contributing cause has been specified to be that the LD students as a consequence of their de ficits lack the ability of temporal-sequential organization. They lack the homework skills, are not able to assign time to different tasks, allocate time for completion of

School Activities Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

School Activities - Essay ExampleRecommendations for strategic planning include conducting surveys among groom teachers and officials regarding what changes they energy like to be brought in the school environment and the curriculum among students regarding any problems they might be having inside school premises like school hector and, among parents regarding what they think of schools performance with respect to their childrens donnish results. An activity needs to be arranged which should address such situations like a parent coming with a complaint or a community member raising a conflict. The administrator will need to arrange a meeting with the complaining party. When the parents come, they should first be made comfortable with tea and snack. Then, their complaint will be listened to and recorded. After that, relevant persons who can solve the hump will be called and they will meet the parents. A shared collaboration will be carried out in order to reach a outcome that is equally acceptable to all involved. If the conflict is so big that it cannot be solved through meeting, then a mediatory party will be arranged who will listen to the conflicting parties and will reach an unbiased solution. This activity relates to the school administrator in that all parents who have complaints about the school or their childrens performance always come to the administrator to get the issue resolved hence, it is necessary for him to arrange meetings with them so that the atmosphere remains lull and parents are satisfied. This all adds to the schools repertoire and is beneficial for the whole of school community because when issue get resolved there and then, it results in overall satisfaction of everybody involved in the conflict. On the other hand, when issues remain unresolved, it results in tension between the parties which are the teachers and parents in this case, and this weighs heavily on childrens academic performance eventually. To sum up, this activity involves arranging meetings with the parents and entertaining them in the best possible way. 3. Lunch supervision is very important if the aim is to achieve insure among students. It is a common practice that students do not follow any rules and regulations during eat cartridge clip and since they are feeling hungry, so lunch lines become a mess as every child tries to get his turn first. Activity will include arranging a queue supervisor who will be a teacher or a class monitor. He will make the students form queues and will be present there for the whole of the lunch time to keep a check in students. He will make sure that no student breaks the queue and tries to get ahead of his turn. He will note down the names of students breaking the rule and will notify them to the school administrator. Students who follow the rule strictly will also be notified to the administrator and they will be appreciated in front of their classes. Doing so will motivate the students to keep a check on their own selves and with the pass of time, they will learn to stay in disciplined queues without the need for having a supervisor keeping an eye on them constantly. This activity relates to the school administrator in that he is responsible for the maintenance of discipline within school premises. He has to take steps to ensure that no student gets indulged in an activity that is a threat to school discipline. This activity will be beneficial to the overall school community because discipline will be achieved through control. Also, lunch time will be very peaceful with properly arranged lunch lines.

The Decade of the Decline of the Balance of Power Essay

The Decade of the Decline of the Balance of Power - Essay ExampleIt is the democratic situation of the nation that has contributed to this situation as cases identical the Executive and the Congress holding different positions such as receiving support from opposing political parties. The privilege doctrine of these branches of the government have proved to be timely and challenging to the judicial branch. Power allocation between coequal and separate government branches has been a major challenge in the last decennium in United States. Such power gridlocks have forced the Supreme Court to step in many situations in order to resolve some(a) of the disputes between the different government branches. When it comes to the balance of power between the White house and the Congress, the result is normally a political battle mainly regarding the natural law thus making such conflicts to spill over to the Supreme Court (Elliot, 2007).The power conflicts among the separate and coequal branch es of the government are unavoidable especially in this decade that has been marked by partisan conflicts that have been heightened. The American theme defines the different powers given to the existing branches of the government but lives some clauses undefined when it comes to the powers give to the government branches thus. This situation is what results to the misunderstandings in the interpretation of the constitution as a means of defining the power balances. For example, the Congress is vested with the power to oversee the activities of the Executive by the constitution in the formulation of its legislation and the appropriation of funds for the executive operations. The imbalance arises when the Executive is also given the power by the same constitution to withhold some of its information regarding its duties as per the constitution. This is because the disclosure of some of the information to the Congress and the entire nation would work against the liaisons of the natio n. However, the constitution still expects the government branches to tender other necessary information without limits. The doctrine of Executive and the Congress are mandated to shield and sought information that are sensitive from disclosure for the sake of the interest of the nation but at the same time making sure that the remainder is disclosed. The consequent of this is that the government branches conflicts force the Supreme Court to reconsider its executive privilege doctrine thus exploring constitutional waters that were unexplored. The last decade has seen a President coming from a party that is different from the party held by the Congress. This scenario has led to unbalanced power between the two resulting to the many conflicts witnessed as a result of the power shifts. The end result is the diminishing of the constitutional ideal of the governments co equal branches (Bickel, 1990). The Supreme Court is left with the responsibility of resolving such conflicts presente d before as stated in the

Helping Abused and Traumatized Children Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Helping Abused and Traumatized Children - Article ExampleDr. Gil presents three models of hers expressive, cognitive-behavioral, and family therapyThe phrase is basically complementing the criminal record written by Dr. Eliana Gil hence it provides specific material provided in the book to prove that the book written by Dr. Gil is a special(a) piece of work that would help the people in the related field. The book is full of interesting and effective case studies that give a practical gain to the book.Though the book is a very detailed and informative resource on the subject but the reviewer does agree that books of this type that deal with confused issues such as traumatized and abused children have natural limitation and challenges.As this book contains qualitative theories and models but does not have the capacity to enable the lecturer to implement these models and theories in practical situation this proves to be a natural limitation because all books of this type have the same limitation.The book contains terms that atomic number 18 technical to the extent that a beginner would have difficulty in comprehending them. Although in depth case studies have been provided within the book but the book would have been better if more case studies would have been provided.The article tells us that Dr.

Punishment Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Punishment - Term Paper ExampleThey can be fined, incarcerated or sentenced to death for the gravest offences in some countries such as the US, Japan, china and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia among others. Corporal penalization is applied by teachers and parents in schools and in the family setting to encourage good behavior among children. The issue of punishment ordinarily raises concerns in regard to the different understanding and application of punishment across different spheres in the society. Contentions arise in trying to determine the standards for determining the inclementness of a moral irreverence, and the punishment that fits it. This paper presents a critique of the moral principles that might be used to determine the match between moral violation and punishment.Hart postulated some elements that may be used to justify punishment. For example, he argues that the punishment has to be for an offence that is contrary to the set of laws in a incident state and also has to be enforced and undertaken by an authority that is defined by a legal system, which the offender is in breach of (qtd. in Sverdlik, 180). This indicates that the punishment should only be based on particular rules that have been set and therefore punishment for offences that are beyond the legally known rules is not justifiable. This dividing line leaves teachers and parents in a position whereby they are not justified in regard to the punishments that they give to children. They punish the children depending on their perception regarding what is right or wrong. The nicety of the punishment is usually not clear and the legality of punishments in schools as well as at home is disputable. The same case applies in the punishments meted out on individuals who engage in antisocial behaviors in the society. For instance, mob justice is one of the punishments that the public resorts to after catching a suspected criminal. The punishment that

Effetive communication in radiotherapy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Effetive communication in radiotherapy - Essay ExampleThese are expressing of concerns, checks and understanding, asking of questions and presentation of detailed information (Wilmet, 2007). For all these components to be achieved, the patient needs to put in extra effort and to fully cooperate. The quality of the communication provided in crabmeat share improves when the radiotherapists tend to the individual cancer patient needs. Patients can clearly contribute to this individualized care by expressing their preferences as well as needs clearly (Webster, 2000).Effective communication in the radiotherapy setting enables the collating of information hence making audit virtually possible and enhancing onward flow of data to cancer registries. It helps the radiotherapy staff to support teamwork. This will enhance a detailed discussion between physicians, surgeons, radiologists, pathologists and oncologists about the clinical factors that are relevant to decision making. This will t herefore benefit patients in the treatment of radiotherapy due to their high considerations. The manner in which health care professionals do communicate with patients through the application of health and social care services highly affects the way in which the patients do experience the treatment. Good communication facilitates earlier diagnosis of cancer ailments. Early diagnosis can travel to better and efficient treatment of the cancer in the patient. This will ultimately help to avoid deaths that are usually occasioned by late diagnosis of the cancer ailment in patients. It reduces emergency admissions of cancer patients. It also improves self-management of radiotherapists on the patient.Effective communication is also important in reducing inequalities in access and proviso of care among the cancer patients (Royal College of Radiologists, 2008). It enables the patients to return to their normal life activities as soon as possible after the diagnosis of the treatment of canc er. It also encourages patients and radiotherapists to

The current Shipbuilding market in China Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The current Shipbuilding market in china - Essay ExampleThe chief products of the Chinese ship manufacturing consist of large sized carriers and oil tankers. China has 70 shipyards that have the capacity to erect ocean gliding vessels. CSSC and CSIC are the main (Schuster, A M.H 2000).ship constructing giants. By 2005, the ship manufacturing authority COSTICN announced ambitious schemes for the evolution of the Chinese ship designing industry that, the industry is scheduled to control twenty quintet percent of the bazaar share in 2010 and ultimately five divisions later, the projection that China would dominate as the worlds ship constructing res publica with respect to tonnages. The contemplations anticipated 24 millions DWT the analogous control of 35% of the market share. CSSC, the largest shipbuilding category, have committed $ 3.5 billion to enhance a modern shipping base in Chanxing isle of Shanghai. After the accomplishment of CSSC, Changxing would emerge as the leading s hip building company world over. Future projections hold the truism of thinking that by 2015, three large ship construction centers of the Chinese shipbuilding industry are to be constructed. (Schuster, A M.H 2000).The shipping industry in china is a fundamental monetary domain for Chinas very existence. For quite along time, the industry has been the main foreign exchange earner for China. China ship construction entry into the international market commenced in 1978. The industry has proved successful for the last 26 years. On the fourth year of the 21st century, Chinas Gross Domestic Product (GDP) was at 1.65 trillions, and as such it was positioned number seven globally, (Hutchins, J.G.B 1941). If rating is anything to go by, then China is the only developing country to feature among the top ten nations globally, in terms of GDP. For the last 25 years, the Chinese economy has maintained a last growth tempo, which is relatively at 9.4 percent per annum. With the impeccable stat istics, it is therefore true that China is the

Management Skills Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Management Skills - Essay ExampleI energise high self-aw atomic number 18ness such(prenominal) that I know a piling about myself, my attitudes, beliefs, emotions and many other traits that I have. I have found out that one batchnot have all the good qualities and therefore I have identified my strength and weaknesses from colleagues and this has helped me improve in atomic number 18as that I initially thought to be my strong points. I also talk to others about myself so that they are able to know exactly who I am. This is good because it fosters good relations between a manager and the employees as they know exactly what I corresponding and what I do not like.In a normal working day, a manager is facing d with stressful events, the pres trusted to produce aftermaths and deadlines to meet. In such situations, I ensure that I prioritize events and work so that the most important things come first. This helps me a lot to avoid stressful moments when work has to be submitted and yet I have not completed it. Besides that to ensure that I do not break down as a result of work stress I ensure that I go to work out every day before I go to work. This makes me fit and keeps me going.Problems are part of the life of a manager. There are routine problems that will usually occur each and every day or occasionally. It is important as a manager to be prepared to handle the problem in a professional way. Therefore in such cases, I make sure I understand what the problem is through careful definition. After knowing what the problem is I generate as many solutions as possible that can be used to solve the problem.

Consulting Sanario Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Consulting Sanario - Research Paper ExampleBeing a somebody that pays attention to detail, I would see myself as a note taker and organizer. As others propose ideas, I can then assimilate tasks to individual team members ground on their ascribed strengths and weaknesses (Miller, 2008, p. 19). Working with a timeline, I can then strive to propose set deadlines that each task should be completed under in order that we are successful. In addition, I will work to allow enough flexibility to account for any last minute emergencies that may arise. The notice component in a consulting firm is to deliver a quality product to customers, on time, every time (Larbi and Springfield, 2004, p. 102). That should be our primary focus as a team moving forward. During this program of study, I have learned the importance of follow-through in the business world. As such, it would be my aim to be a part of a consulting firm who only accepts projects that they know fits into their area of expertise and they are confident they can perform an excellent and effective job. If we do that, then we should be well on our way to

Reminders About the Acceptable Use of Email and Text Messaging Essay - 3

Reminders About the Acceptable Use of Email and Text Messaging - Essay poserUse of email and text message by the employees of People Support Aegis Company is allowed, given support, and strongly agreed since this is very useful and is an serious business tool of the company.However, People Support Aegis has policy regarding the use of email and texts messaging since these are company property and for the facilitation of the business of the company. Every employee must(prenominal) make sure todo not use email and text messaging for the making and giving out of any extremely unpleasant, or messages that make believe problems, which includes messages that defy offensive comments about private and personal matters, age, gender, race, sexual beliefs, origin, physical and mental condition and political and religious beliefs. Using of monitoring software has been reserved in order to ensure that employees are obeying all the policy given. Therefore, the company has the authority to m onitor and access all messages on the email and text messaging system.Assuming of privacy in anything the employee created, received, sent or stored on the companys email system are not allowed because all their messages maybe seen without any front notice. Accepting personal emails can be made but the messages should be saved in a separate folder. Breaching and failing to comply with the policy have sanctions to be applied on the employee. If an employee is found and proven to have breached the policy, they will face the companys disciplinary penalty ranging from a verbal to dismissal.

Scientology Definition Essay Example for Free

Scientology Definition EssayScientology by m both people is stanceed as a cult and has no religious livelihood entirely according to Faith, Religion Theology (FRT) a godliness constitutes as people (being able) to recognize that what matters most in disembodied spirit is or includes a train of reality that transcends, or goes beyond, what radiation patternly understands as human or finite meaning an ultimate mystery or Divine (Knitter 166). FRT also states that religion deals with ethical reasons how to be obligate and beliefs along with a creed, code, and ceremonies (Knitter 163). So according to FRT scientology would be a religion because it does believe in the higher being that is talked about in the graduation exercise quote. Scientology also has a set ethical code that determines how people should be fork out inside their religion. The question that comes from this is where does Scientology get their creed, code, and ceremonies?Scientology began in the 1950s found on the findings of L. Ron Hubbard. Hubbard is cognise as the father of Scientology ( church). A formed the religion of Scientology after studying the human mind and life known as Dianectics (Church). So as Hubbards investigate expanded, so did the ideas of Scientology until it incorporated all the ideas from all of Hubbards publications. All this being said their creed, also written by Hubbard, is like most creeds a basis of what eery i in the religion believes in. Hubbard also wrote the 4 codes that Scientology is based around The Auditors code, The Code of Scientology, The Code of Honor, and a code called The Way of Happiness.All of these codes play a key section in the scientologists life and what they believe in (Church). They believe in a divinity fudge but they leave the image of God to the individuals. That leaves the ceremonies performed in Scientology. They perform a lot of ceremonies common to Christianity such as weddings, Sunday services, naming services, counselin g, and funeral services Although they have the same ceremonies they are viewed in different perspectives because they have different beliefs than any other religion. With this different view they still show the connection between their ceremonies and their beliefs. This is apparent throughout what they do during their services and the layout of the church and chapel.Sundays services are headed by a minister whose main job is auditing or tutoring, because services are not a main focus of the religion, although they are offered (Beliefnet). The service is more a meeting place to get everyone on the same page and let people know they have fellow people on this journey with them. on the button about Scientologist still attend these services because it is another chance to take a step towards the eighth dynamic, which is the ultimate finale of scientology, and will be apologiseed in a later paragraph. The service starts with the Creed of the Church of Scientology, Sermon, L. Ron H ubbard Lecture, group auditing, Announcements, and ends with the Prayer for Total Freedom. The uncloudeding of the service is an obvious showing of the overlapping of creed and ceremony (Church).It is ambitious to tell when the sermon ends and the lecture begins since they usually have the same idea and lesson. They usually have the same idea and lesson. The goal of these lessons is for the people to take them and withstand them to the real life situations. They believe that helping others is the only way to improve their lives. Next is the group auditing, considered the most important part of the service, which is led by the minister (Church). The minister also gives a few instructions to help the listener free themselves from the material world and make them more spiritually aware and open to improving their life.The announcements are the next part of mass and this is a chance for the minister to let followers know what is going on around the community. This plays into the per centage of scientologists always wanting to better mankind. Finally service closes with the Pray for Total Freedom. In this prayer the people ask the author of the universe to make their goals practicable and to help all those that are in need (Church). After attending these two ceremonies I realized I still did not understand Scientologys view on God. This is when I met the man who would answer that and so much more.Ajax approached me after service and told me he would explain Scientology to me. He started with the layout of the chapel. From the doorway it looked like a normal worship room, but once inside there are posters going the distance of the room showing different aspects of the church. I will try and explain as well as Ajax explained to me. He started with the creed of Scientology. Ajax explained that you have to look deeper than the creed he then continued to talk about how this creed is more as a guide for you to find your own God as you want to picture him, but none of us can picture him until we have reached infinity (Ajax). I hope this confuses you as much as it confused me. He then had me watch a video on the eight dynamics which showed the different dynamics that humans have to go through before finding God. The seven dynamics go as follow self, creativity, group survival, species, life forms, physical universe, and spiritual dynamic.A man has to reach the perfection of the first 6 dynamics before finishing the 7th. They say this because you have to have pry for everything in your life before you can be spiritually strong. Once the 7th dynamic is fulfilled only then will the eight dynamic appear to man. This dynamic is known as God or the creator by most religions, but the correct term for Scientology is infinity (Scientology). According to Hubbard timelessness is the allness of all (Church). This is where ones adjust vision of God will show itself and until then no one knows what their God truly looks like. This is why Scientology does no t push one Dogma onto their followers (Scientology). Ajax proceeded to give me specifics on how other aspects of scientology plant life such as auditing and classes. After the tour was over, I asked him What makes Scientology the right path to finding God and how does the services help this process of finding our God? Ajax took a deep breath and then proceeded to give me the following responseWell, Seth have you ever had a doubt in your religion? I already know the answer it is yes, you know why I know this? because most religions are based on faith. Scientology is not like that. It is based on proven facts. I can tell you how people are going to act to certain events just because of who they are and how they carry themselves. The reason I know these is Scientology. This carries over to God. I came to America from Pakistan for college. I was brought up as a Muslim and firmly believed in Allah which I still do but I was brought into this religion and it just made sense to me, as it should for you too. I just view Allah in a different view now as being infinity and something I cannot picture till I fulfill everything else.I started studying Scientology, yes studying because Scientology does what a religion should be about, which is doing not believing which is how most religions are based on. So by doing these things we find ourselves and by doing that we find God. So that is what makes Scientology the right plectrum over other religions (Ajax) this round about answer was the thing that made everything about this religion finally click. The idea is that they believe in a God, but it is different for every follower since this belief system is their idea of the way of reaching Nirvana, Heaven, or in their case Infinity (Beliefnet). The best way to erect it is how it is put on their offical website which says Scientology is not a dogmatic religion in which one is asked to accept anything on faith alone. On the contrary, one discovers for oneself that the princip les of Scientology are true by applying its principles and observing or experiencing the results (Church).Scientology bases everything on experiences and through my experience there I learned that Scientology is a whole new idea that seems like a far cry from a religion, but after experiencing all that, I can see why people put everything they want into Scientology. Do I buy into it? Some things yes, but not the whole religion, although it helped me find more concrete reasons why I believe in my own religion.Work CItedAjax. magical spell of the Church. Personal interview. 28 Oct. 2012. Ajax gave me a in-depth tour of every aspect of the church and everything they do and through this tour I learned more than i could have ever imagined about Scientology.Beliefnet. What Do Scientologists Believe? Beliefnet.com. What Do Scientologists Believe? Beliefnet.com. Beliefnet, 01 Oct. 2011. Web. 30 Sept. 2012. http//www.beliefnet.com/Faiths/Scientology/What-Do-Scientologists-Believe.aspx. Th is website shows a general outline of what people who follow Scientology believe. It also describes how their religion works and in little detail how the world works through their eyes. The author is not told but their intended audience is someone who is curious about Scientology and they do a great job of making it simple and easy to understand for someone who is just starting to look into it.Church of Scientology International. Church of Scientology Religion Beliefs-What Is Scientology?, L. Ron Hubbard. Church of Scientology Religion Beliefs-What Is Scientology?, L. Ron Hubbard, News. Church of Scientology International, 2012. Web. 30 Sept. 2012. http//www.scientology.org/. This is the offical website for Scientology. It is very detailed in every aspect of the religion that is Scientology. Everything from who created Scientology to beliefs and practices. It also gives examples of multiple places of worship. The website was made by the international Scientology organization. Their goal of this page is to inform people on what they are doing at churches and how they work and how people in this religion are. Besides the obvious talking up of the religion the site seems very accurate and reliable.Knitter, Paul, and William Madges. Chapter Six Religion What Is It? Faith, Religion Theology. By Brennan R. Hill. Mystic, CT Twenty-Third Publications, 1997. 161-90. Print. This chapter focuses on what a religion is and what makes up a religion. It bases it on the knowing of something that is farther than humans. Then explains that code, creed, and ceremony is basis of behavior and beliefs. This source is targeted for students and is very reliable since it is used in a college course.Scienctology. Prod. OrgSync. Church of Scientology, 2010. DVD. Ajax gave me 8 hours of supplemental videos that went into farther depth of each of the topics he explained to me. Everything from their service projects to the 8 dynamics.